Care system fails people with diabetes: lack of. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.cluding those related to family respon- sibilities and dynamics. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country by area, spanning 881,913 square kilometres (340,509 square miles). It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population exceeding 225.2 million, and has the world's second-largest Muslim population. Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.Pakistan is a middle power, and has the world's sixth-largest standing armed forces. Pakistan elected a civilian government in 2008, and in 2010 adopted a parliamentary system with periodic elections. In the following four decades, Pakistan has been ruled by governments whose descriptions, although complex, commonly alternated between civilian and military, democratic and authoritarian, relatively secular and Islamist. In 1971, the exclave of East Pakistan seceded as the new country of Bangladesh after a nine-month-long civil war. Initially a Dominion of the British Commonwealth, Pakistan officially drafted its constitution in 1956, and emerged as a declared Islamic republic. The region that comprises the modern state of Pakistan was the realm of multiple empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid briefly that of Alexander the Great the Seleucid, the Maurya, the Kushan, the Gupta the Umayyad Caliphate in its southern regions, the Hindu Shahi, the Ghaznavids, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughals, the Durranis, the Sikh Empire, British East India Company rule, and most recently, the British Indian Empire from 1858 to 1947.Spurred by the Pakistan Movement, which sought a homeland for the Muslims of British India, and election victories in 1946 by the All-India Muslim League, Pakistan gained independence in 1947 after the Partition of the British Indian Empire, which awarded separate statehood to its Muslim-majority regions and was accompanied by an unparalleled mass migration and loss of life.5.1.2 Emphasis on relations with Muslim worldThe name Pakistan means literally "a land abounding in the pure" or "a land in which the pure abound", in Urdu and Persian. Pakistan is a member of the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Commonwealth of Nations, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the Islamic Military Counter-Terrorism Coalition, and is designated as a major non-NATO ally by the United States. However, the country continues to face challenges, including poverty, illiteracy, corruption and terrorism. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Pakistan's political history since independence has been characterized by periods of significant economic and military growth as well those of political and economic instability.
![]() Successive ancient empires and kingdoms ruled the region: the Persian Achaemenid Empire (around 519 BCE), Alexander the Great's empire in 326 BCE and the Maurya Empire, founded by Chandragupta Maurya and extended by Ashoka the Great, until 185 BCE. The Vedic civilisation flourished in the ancient Gandhāran city of Takṣaśilā, now Taxila in the Punjab, which was founded around 1000 BCE. Multan was an important Hindu pilgrimage centre. HistoryStanding Buddha from Gandhara, Greco-Buddhist art, 1st–2nd century AD.The Vedic period (1500–500 BCE) was characterised by an Indo-Aryan culture during this period the Vedas, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism, were composed, and this culture later became well established in the region. The name of the country was coined in 1933 by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, a Pakistan Movement activist, who published it in a pamphlet Now or Never, using it as an acronym ("thirty million Muslim brethren who live in PAKISTAN"), and referring to the names of the five northern regions of the British Raj: Punjab, Afghania, Kashm ir, Sindh, and Baluchis tan. The suffix ـستان (transliterated in English as stân after stem word ending in a vowel estân or istân after a stem ending in a consonant) is from Persian, and means "a place abounding in" or "a place where anything abounds". ![]() Upon the defeat of the Turk and Hindu Shahi dynasties which governed the Kabul Valley, Gandhara (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkwa), and western Punjab in the 7th to 11th centuries CE, several successive Muslim empires ruled over the region, including the Ghaznavid Empire (975–1187 CE), the Ghorid Kingdom, and the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE). During this period, Sufi missionaries played a pivotal role in converting a majority of the regional Buddhist and Hindu population to Islam. The Early Medieval period (642–1219 CE) witnessed the spread of Islam in the region. The Pakistan government's official chronology claims this as the time when the foundation of Pakistan was laid but the concept of Pakistan arrived in the 19th century. Mac cleaner adsBy 1893, all modern Pakistan was part of the British Indian Empire, and remained so until independence in 1947.Under the British, modern Pakistan was mostly divided into the Sind Division, Punjab Province, and the Baluchistan Agency. The main wars were that against the Baloch Talpur dynasty, ended by the Battle of Miani (1843) in Sindh, the Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845–1849) and the Anglo-Afghan Wars (1839–1919). The rest of Sindh was taken in 1843, and in the following decades, first the East India Company, and then after the post- Sepoy Mutiny (1857–1858) direct rule of Queen Victoria of the British Empire, took over most of the country partly through wars, and also treaties. Divergence in the relationship between Hinduism and Islam created a major rift in British India that led to motivated religious violence in British India.
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